Ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle (384–322 BCE) contributed extensively to the development of biological knowledge. Their contributions shaped ancient Greek natural philosophy. The earliest of roots of science, which included medicine, can be traced to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. These various organisms contribute to the biodiversity of an ecosystem, where they play specialized roles in the cycling of nutrients and energy through their biophysical environment.ĭiagram of a fly from Robert Hooke's innovative Micrographia, 1665. Biologists have sought to study and classify the various forms of life, from prokaryotic organisms such as archaea and bacteria to eukaryotic organisms such as protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Life on Earth, which emerged more than 3.7 billion years ago, is immensely diverse. Like other scientists, biologists use the scientific method to make observations, pose questions, generate hypotheses, perform experiments, and form conclusions about the world around them. Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use. īiologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization, from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations. Finally, all organisms are able to regulate their own internal environments. Energy processing is also important to life as it allows organisms to move, grow, and reproduce. Another major theme is evolution, which explains the unity and diversity of life. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generations. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field.
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